Ground surface elevation changes over permafrost areas revealed by multiple GNSS interferometric reflectometry
نویسندگان
چکیده
Abstract Ground subsidence and uplift caused by the annual thawing freezing of active layer are important variables in permafrost studies. Global positioning system interferometric reflectometry (GPS-IR) has been successfully applied to retrieve continuous ground surface movements areas. However, only GPS signals were used previous In this study, using multiple global navigation satellite (GNSS) signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) observations recorded a GNSS station SG27 Utqiaġvik, Alaska during period from 2018 2021, we GNSS-IR (multi-GNSS-IR) technique SNR data obtained complete elevation changes over area at daily interval snow-free seasons 2019. The GLONASS-IR Galileo-IR measurements agreed with GPS-IR L1 frequency, which most consistent among all multi-GNSS measurements, terms overall trend but clearly showed periodic noises. We proposed method reconstruct GLONASS- specifically grouping fitting them composite model. Compared results, unbiased root mean square error (RMSE) reconstructed Galileo reduced 50.0% 42.2% 2019, respectively, while RMSE GLONASS decreased 41.8% 25.8% respectively. Fitting model combined multi-GNSS-IR, seasonal displacements − 3.27 ± 0.13 cm ( R 2 = 0.763) 10.56 0.10 0.912) Moreover, found that abnormal summer heave was strongly correlated rain events, implying hydrological effects on changes. Our study shows feasibility multi-GNSS-IR areas for first time. Multi-GNSS-IR opens up great opportunity us investigate multi-source observations, our robust analysis quantitative understanding frozen dynamics under climate change.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of geodesy
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['1432-1394', '0949-7714']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-022-01646-5